Implementación de un sistema de telemonitoreo para la detección temprana de presión arterial elevada

Abstract

A telemonitoring system designed for the early detection of elevated blood pressure levels is presented, integrating various biomedical and communication technologies. By using electrocardiography and photoplethysmography, precise information about the user’s cardiovascular function is obtained, which is essential for calculating pulse transit time. This indicator, determined by measuring the interval between the R peak (the highest amplitude point of the heart’s electrical wave) and the highest amplitude point of the blood pulse wave, is directly related to arterial stiffness and facilitates a non-invasive evaluation of cardiovascular alterations. The acquisition, management, and transmission of data are carried out through an ESP32 microcontroller, known for its low power consumption and versatility, while the SIM800L module is responsible for transmitting the information via GPRS networks, enabling real-time remote connectivity from any location with mobile network coverage. Additionally, HTTP requests generated by the system are directed to an intermediary server, which processes the information and integrates it with the Twilio platform. Thanks to this integration, the system enables the automatic sending of personalized alerts via WhatsApp, allowing immediate notification to both the user and the healthcare professional in case of critical values or upward trends in blood pressure. This system provides a practical, portable, and highly accurate tool for the continuous monitoring of cardiovascular parameters, significantly contributing to preventive care and the early detection of hypertension outside the clinical setting. Not only does this enhance adherence to healthcare recommendations, but it also offers greater peace of mind and closer monitoring of a condition that, when controlled in time, can prevent serious long-term complications.