Construcción de una cabina para minimizar el nivel de presión sonora de un generador de energía eléctrica

Abstract

The electrical rationing caused by the blackouts, which damage the activities of Ecuador in 2024, affected major activities, productive, recreational and also educational institutions, which made indispensable, in the case of this work, the acquisition of a generator or generator set of 6500 Watts, to feed essential internet circuits in the facilities of the Salesian Polytechnic University, Campus Maria Auxiliadora. Although the lack of electricity supply for certain systems was remedied, a problem of environmental noise pollution arose, which affected the university community in the area surrounding the location of the generator. In order to measure this environmental impact, sound pressure measurements were used Elicrom 308 equipment, and it was determined that the levels exceeded the maximum permissible limits set out in Ministerial Agreement 097-A. Therefore, an analysis of this problem was carried out, determining that it was possible to implement a cabin lined on the inside with materials with acoustically insulating properties. A series of tests were carried out with different materials, reaching the conclusion that the most efficient covering was the 1.00 x 0.80 m pyramidal sponge acoustic panel, comparing the sound pressure levels before and after the implementation of the cabin, applying the standard measurement technique known as the 5-second method. It was possible to reduce the sound pressure levels to values below the maximum permissible limit defined in the respective standard, which is 60 decibels, in 4 of the 5 points selected for sampling, this reduction reached values in decibels of: 59.95; 54.81; 51.86: 50.45, in the 4 points mentioned which were located at a distance in linear meters measured from the generator of: 4.46; 15.30; 22.36; 26.07, respectively.