Diseño y simulación de un sistema FOPS para una excavadora Hyundai modelo HX220S, mediante el método de elementos finitos, año 2024

Abstract

The heavy machinery industry has undergone significant advancements, establishing itself as a fundamental pillar in the productive sectors of nations. Key activities such as mining, agriculture, and construction have driven economic and social development, highlighting the importance of this machinery in societal progress. The safety and protection of heavy machinery operators is an ever-evolving subject, with innovations aimed at developing additional protective structures. These structures, designed to safeguard workers' lives, undergo rigorous testing to ensure their effectiveness against operational risks. In Ecuador, however, there is a persistent lack of specific regulations and clear responsibilities governing the safety of such equipment. This contrasts with the increasing importation of heavy machinery in recent years. These machines, which include excavators, loaders, and compactors, are primarily imported from China, and most of them lack additional protective structures for the cabin. This absence poses significant risks to operators' safety in high-hazard work environments. In this study, a Falling Object Protective Structure (FOPS) was designed following measurements and materials equivalent to those used in industrial applications. The design adhered to international standards and was subjected to detailed computational simulations to evaluate key parameters such as deformations, stresses, and the safety factor. Based on the results obtained from the simulations, an over-dimensioning issue was identified in certain components of the initial structure. This led to an optimized redesign that maintained the required safety standards while reducing the construction materials of the structure. This process ensures a more efficient solution without compromising operator protection.