Bacterias del género BACILLUS como agentes de control biológico in vitro de los hongos fitopatógeno BOTRYTIS SP. y COLLETOTRICHUM SP

Abstract

The phytopathogenic fungi Botrytis sp. and Colletotrichum sp. are known to cause devastating diseases in agricultural crops, causing significant economic losses at national and international levels due to their ability to survive as saprophytes and spread easily under favorable environmental conditions. Given this problem, it is common to resort to chemical fungicides that are not only harmful to environmental and human health, also induce resistance by phytopathogens. In response to these concerns, there has been a need to find more friendly and efficient options, therefore, the main objective of this work is to evaluate Bacillus sp strains for the in vitro control of Botrytis sp. and Colletotrichum sp. For the experimental process, with the 17 strains that resisted thermotherapy, dual confrontation tests were carried out for the analysis of the percentage of inhibition, the production of secondary metabolites using simple aerated Batch bioreactor systems and antibiogram tests to evaluate the capacity of said metabolites to inhibit the growth of the phytopathogens in question. It was evaluated that the strain F25 for Botrytis, O41 and B. megaterium for Colletotrichum, show the best inhibitory percentage in the confrontations. Regarding the antibiograms, it was identified that Bacillus acts better against Botrytis in its cellular state, while for Colletotrichum the strain that presented the best inhibition with secondary metabolites was S60. These results demonstrate that the Bacillus sp. genus is a potential biocontroller, offering a sustainable alternative for the development of bioproducts.