Incidencia de conductas autolesivas en niños con trastorno del espectro autista en un Centro de salud de la ciudad de Guayaquil

Abstract

The objective of this research project was structured based on a qualitative scope of case study type, taking as a starting point the bibliographic review on the postulates and theories of psychoanalytic nature of James Lacan, Jean Claude Maleval, Miguel Furman, Margaret Mahler and Donald Winicott; As a key point of the experiential systematization, within the methodology applied at the theoretical level, a bibliographic tour was made around theoretical proposals of psychoanalytic authors and at the practical level it was executed through the analysis and triangulation of the information obtained in the course of the development of the research that allowed to determine the incidence of self-injurious behaviors, being understood as phenomenological aspects that occur in the body of the autistic person, understanding it as that impulsive overexcitement that occurs in his body as a result of his operant defense mechanism called forcclusion of the hole, obtaining as a result that these self-injurious behaviors can become a maladaptive factor for his integrity as well as for coexistence within the family environment as well as school, And for this reason, the protective psychological factors in which their primary and secondary support networks are concerned must be enhanced in order to promote and enhance greater well-being and quality in the lives of children with autism, which in synthesis could be obtained through a questionnaire, interviews, field diaries and observation guides as central instruments in the elaboration of the research and with a sample of five case analyses, the age population being a group of children between the ages of 4 and 6 years old attended by the Autism Ecuador Foundation in a period of time that was carried out from March to July 2024.