Análisis mediante un modelo econométrico de la influencia de los controle prenatales en el índice de bajo peso al nacer en Ecuador

Abstract

Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant public health problem in Ecuador, affecting 9.3% of births according to the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC) in 2022. This problem is associated with serious risks to infant health, such as increased infant mortality, morbidity, and poor development. This article analyzes the relationship between the number of prenatal checkups and LBW in Ecuador using an econometric model. The results show a negative and significant association between the number of prenatal checkups and LBW, suggesting that more prenatal checkups reduce the probability of LBW. These findings are consistent with studies in other countries, confirming the importance of prenatal checkups in preventing LBW. The results underscore the need to promote adequate and timely prenatal care to reduce the prevalence of LBW and improve maternal and child health in Ecuador. It is recommended to implement public policies and health programs that strengthen prenatal care. This includes informing pregnant women about the importance of prenatal care and ensuring access to quality services, regardless of their socioeconomic status or geographic location. In addition, establish systems for continuous monitoring and evaluation of care programs to adjust interventions as needed.