Identificación de las vías con la mayor tasa de accidentalidad en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito a través del análisis de las señales PID’s obtenidas a través de OBD II

Abstract

The identification of sections with the highest mortality rates in Pichincha, specifically in the capital of Ecuador, Quito, is carried out using historical road data and detailed data collection on vehicle behavior under normal driving conditions. It is recognized that the avenues with the highest accident records are Simón Bolívar, in the north-south direction from La Forestal to the Tambillo sector; the south-north section from the Desvío Intercambiador Valles sector to the Redondel de Zambiza; and, finally, the section along Mariscal Sucre, in the south-north direction, from El Tejar to the San Carlos sector. The mortality rate due to traffic accidents has increased along with the growth of the automotive fleet over the years. This increase not only reflects the higher number of vehicles in circulation but also the insufficiency of the roads, being a significant phenomenon in the years of life lost due to traffic accidents. The maximum permitted transit speeds are established by the Land Transport, Traffic, and Road Safety Law. Unfortunately, these regulations are being violated due to driver recklessness. According to the data obtained in the project, most roads are traveled at speeds exceeding 110 km/h, which is dangerous compared to the maximum permitted speeds by law. Additionally, the good topography of the roads allows drivers to reach high speeds, thus increasing the risk of accidents. The application of longitudinal dynamics precisely determines the values required to establish skid and rollover speeds before a potential accident. These calculations consider factors such as gravity, radius, tire-road adhesion coefficient, road inclination in degrees, weight, aerodynamic resistance coefficient, gyroscopic mass coefficient, resistance coefficient, and friction force. Through analysis, the first section is obtained with a maximum skid speed of 156.94 km/h and a maximum rollover speed of 196.76 km/h; the second section with a skid limit speed of 137.13 km/h and a rollover limit speed of 171.93 km/h; and finally, the third section with a maximum skid speed of 112 km/h and a maximum rollover speed of 140.42 km/h, to avoid imminent accidents.