Diseño e implementación de un banco semiautomático de monitoreo de voltaje y control de temperatura para baterías níquel-cadmio

Abstract

The design and implementation of the voltage monitoring and temperature control system for nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries was structured in four main phases. In the first phase, the electrochemical processes during the charge and discharge cycles of Ni-Cd batteries were analyzed, identifying the prevailing design variables, with emphasis on voltage monitoring and thermal regulation. The second phase focused on the multidisciplinary design of the monitoring bench components, using computer-aided design (CAD) tools and finite element simulation (FEA) software. High- precision voltage sensors, negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors and fuzzy logic- based control algorithms were selected. During the third phase, the system was implemented and empirically validated by testing the monitoring bench with galvanostatic charge and discharge cycles. Least squares calibration techniques and digital filtering algorithms were used to adjust the sensors and mitigate noise in the signals. In the final phase, the operation of the developed mechatronic model was verified and tested, correcting errors and making final adjustments. The results obtained were analyzed and discussed, evaluating the fulfillment of the objectives and the effectiveness of the designed system. This testing and validation phase was crucial to ensure that the model met the technical and functional requirements necessary for its successful implementation in real applications within the aerospace sector.