Micorremediación de CU y NI mediante aislados monospóricos de Fusarium SP. y Aspergillus SP. de sedimentos del ecosistema de manglar El Salado en la ciudad de Guayaquil

Abstract

The Estero Salado Estuary is an ecosystem rich in flora and fauna, which is currently at risk due to poor management of domestic and industrial waste. For this reason, the objective of this work was to develop monosporic isolates of fungi with possible mycoremediation capacity for heavy metals (Cu and Ni). The experimental phase began with the collection of 21 samples from different areas of branches that make up the Estero Salado ecosystem during the month of January, from which physicochemical parameters were determined, corresponding to pH, conductivity, moisture content and the quantification of trace metals by means of ICP-OES technology. Once the strains of Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were isolated, they were adapted to solid media at different concentrations of the contaminant (5, 20 and 40) ppm, to establish the concentrations of the treatment in vitro of each metal in PDB and Czapek Dox medium during 6 days of treatment. The results obtained from the ICP showed that the concentrations of metals in the study areas were as high as 232.9 ppm Cu and 50.3 ppm Ni. The removal tests showed that the Aspergillus genus had an efficiency of 22.3% for PDB+Cu and 19.7% in PDB+Ni, exceeding the removal capacity achieved with the Czapek Dox+Cu medium with 12.7% and Czapek Dox+Ni 11.5% removal, while the Fusarium genus studied had a minimum efficiency in all aspects, reaching maximum removal values of 5.1% in PDB+Cu and 5.3% in PDB+Ni.