Análisis de la viabilidad técnica, económica y ambiental del uso de ladrillos ecológicos en la construcción de viviendas en Quito

Abstract

The global construction industry, accountable for significant environmental pollution, utilizes 16% of the world's freshwater supply and depletes natural resources such as minerals, wood, and energy. Urban expansion and infrastructure projects contribute to the loss of cultivable land, directly impacting local flora and fauna. In Ecuador, despite the prevalence of traditional construction, a 6.5% decrease in Gross Value Added was observed in the first quarter of 2023, aligning with reduced activity in the real estate sector. The construction industry remains a major source of global environmental pollution due to high raw material consumption. A technical comparative analysis between PET bricks and traditional bricks emphasizes the durability and lighter weight of the former, benefiting structures by reducing loads on beams and columns. From an environmental perspective, construction with PET bricks shows a 13% reduction in overall impact compared to traditional construction, highlighting the mitigation of the carbon footprint. Economically, construction with PET bricks proves to be less expensive, attributed to a lower unit price, reduced labor costs, and decreased depreciation of the housing. Financial indicators such as Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, and Benefit-Cost Ratio are positive in both cases, suggesting that constructions using PET bricks and traditional bricks generate similar economic benefits. The INEN 297 standard supports the quality of PET bricks, ensuring they meet the required specifications. In conclusion, the research supports that PET bricks are a technically, environmentally, and economically viable alternative for housing construction in Quito.