Conversión de una motocicleta de combustión interna a motocicleta eléctrica plug-in manteniendo la cadena de cinemática original para facilitar la adaptación del sistema y reducir las emisiones contaminantes emitidas en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito

Abstract

The growing concern about vehicle pollution has shifted attention to mobility alternatives, especially motorcycles, which are experiencing an increase as a means of transportation for work or personal use. Although recognized for their fuel efficiency, motorcycles remain mobile sources of pollution due to the emission of harmful gases. Contaminants such as CO2, NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 originating from various parts of the vehicle pose health risks, and air pollution is expected to be the leading environmental cause of premature deaths in the coming decades. In Ecuador, the significant growth of the motorcycle assembly industry is largely attributed to the sale of models up to 150cc, primarily used for work purposes. However, this increase in the motorcycle fleet significantly contributes to CO2 emissions. It is noteworthy that the Metropolitan District of Quito is facing a growing problem of air pollution and emissions of pollutants due to the increased use of internal combustion engine vehicles, including motorcycles. The project proposes to address this issue by converting internal combustion engine motorcycles to electric ones, an alternative that not only eliminates polluting emissions but also reduces the population's exposure to health risks. The research is justified in terms of environmental impact, public health, and mobility. A detailed analysis of electric motors, specifically brushless DC (BLDC) motors, is presented, highlighting advantages such as higher efficiency, lower maintenance, and longer lifespan. The crucial role of the BLDC motor controller in managing electrical power for vehicle operation is also explored. The comparison between electric motors and internal combustion engines emphasizes differences in performance, showing that electric motors outperform in flexibility and torque generation at different speeds. Finally, a historical overview of the evolution of electric motorcycles, from early prototypes to recent models, is provided. The project aims, through the conversion to electric motorcycles, to comprehensively address the environmental and health challenges associated with the increasing motorcycle fleet in Quito, offering a sustainable solution and contributing to emissions reduction and the promotion of electric mobility in the city.