Evaluación del perfil de interpretación clínica del VIH mediante el monitoreo de Linfocitos CD8+ en pacientes del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo de Guayaquil

Abstract

The conventional approach in the treatment and monitoring of HIV has focused on assessing CD4+ T lymphocytes as the main indicator of immunological health. This study highlights the significant role of CD8+ T lymphocytes in this area. The feasibility of this line of research has been enabled thanks to the specialized hospital environment, its team of trained professionals, and the availability of the necessary reagents. This research was conducted within the facilities of the Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo de Guayaquil and aims to evaluate the relationship between the clinical complications associated with HIV and the overexpression of CD8+ T lymphocytes. For this purpose, peripheral blood samples corresponding to HIV seropositive patients were analyzed using flow cytometry, a technique for quantifying the concentration of lymphocyte subpopulations, among which CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes were found. In this way, it was possible to relate the overexpression of CD8+ T lymphocytes and the medical complications associated in these patients using the statistical test of principal component analysis (PCA). The results suggest that overexpressed levels of CD8+ T lymphocytes are associated with a higher prevalence of immunological, neoplastic, and cardiovascular risks. These findings present the opportunity to update treatment and monitoring protocols by incorporating the evaluation of CD8+ T lymphocytes as an additional indicator. In this way, more comprehensive and effective therapeutic approaches could be developed for the management of HIV.