Implementación de un módulo IoT hidropónico NFT semiautomático con alimentador de nutrientes por control difuso

Abstract

Traditional agriculture refers to soil crops, which have been the best known since the beginning of human civilizations, however there has been evidence since ancient times of another type of crop that does not require a solid-type substrate; These types of crops are known as hydroponics, they consist of plants whose roots are in direct contact with recirculating water that contains the fundamental nutrients for their growth, and they are the main object of this investigation. The semi-automatic NFT hydroponic garden consists of an efficient and innovative modular tool for crops that replaces the use of soil and fertilizer with water with dissolved nutrients, it is adaptable to all types of residential spaces and can be controlled and monitored remotely through the Internet. The module's portability makes it easy to install on patios or terraces, and its adaptability allows it to function in ecosystems with extreme climates such as moors or deserts. In this way it represents a solution to future problems such as soil contamination and lack of food. The IoT technology application in the module uses the MQTT protocol to communicate the system with an application through a broker that sends and receives data with a server in the cloud, all this with support on embedded card platforms such as Raspberry Pi, with graphical interfaces in the Raspbian operating system and another in a web browser programmed with flowcharts in Node-RED. The scalability with which the hydroponic module was built allows other researchers to apply these techniques to their work, since the management of actuators and feedback control through sensors allows an infinity of applications today. Research on hydroponic systems was decisive in the selection of the controller, for which one of fuzzy logic was chosen, which is responsible for the regulation of variables that influence the composition and nutritional characteristics of the recirculating water that helps in the growth of plants.