Determinación de las características físicas y mecánicas del material biodegradable obtenido con Micelios de Pleurotus Ostreatus y Ganoderma Lucidum utilizando rastrojo de cebada y rastrojo de trigo como sustrato

Abstract

During the last years, the indiscriminate use of plastics and materials from petroleum used for the manufacture of products such as: packaging, covers, various disposables, among others, has been significantly evidenced, which has caused the increase of solid waste throughout the world, causing limited spaces for its storage, in addition to the contamination of products made with plastic and materials related to it. The present investigation, the physical-mechanical analysis of biodegradable material obtained from agro-industrial residues and fungal mycelia is shown, as an alternative to reduce the use of products made from expanded polystyrene (EPS) in the market. Physical-mechanical tests of density, water absorption, flexural strength, tensile strength and compressive strength of material made from Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum mycelium inoculated in wheat and barley substrates are performed. in three percentages of humidity. The tests were carried out under the standards of ASTM D1622, ASTM D570, ASTM D790, ASTM D380 and ASTM D1621. The results in Pleurotus ostreatus in wheat with humidity of 60 and 70%, Ganoderma lucidum in wheat and barley with humidity of 60 and 70% reached a compressive strength of 81.22 to 131.21kPa, respectively. In the density test with Ganoderma lucidum in barley at 70% humidity, 0.2g/cm3 was obtained. The mycelium that obtained the best results in the water absorption test was Ganoderma lucidum in barley at 70% humidity, with a value of 0.24%. In the flexural strength test, the best material was obtained with Ganoderma lucidum in barley at 70% humidity with 189.03 kPa. In the tensile strength test, the material with Ganoderma lucidum in barley at 70% humidity obtained a result of 62.05 kPa. Once the ASTM tests have been carried out, it is verified that the material resulted from barley stubble moistened at 70% and with the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium meets conditions similar to those of EPS.