Medidas para controlar los sedimentos en captaciones directas en rios de montaña

Abstract

The present degree work proposes an algorithm for the analysis of the control of bottom sediments (coarse gravel, medium gravel, fine gravel, and coarse sand) made up of three stages, which are developed in the hydrological and sedimentological area of influence of a derivation system in a mountain river. The first stage is carried out upstream of the direct derivation system (catchment work), in which an analysis of the submerged ridges is carried out that allow the retention of the bottom sediment with a larger diameter (coarse gravel). The second stage is developed in the field of direct catchment work (without water dam or with water dam) and its environment. At this stage, two important points are considered: 1) the analysis of the catchment site in a section with curvature and 2) the inclusion of measures to prevent the entry of solid bottom material into the catchment structure, which is made up of elements hydraulics such as directed bottom ridges, galleries, and purge lines. The third stage is carried out downstream of the direct derivation system (catchment work), in which the main components for the analysis and retention of the bottom particles of smaller diameter (coarse sand) are the grit sinks. In this way, by means of the different hydraulic elements that make up each stage and carrying out a technical-economic analysis of them, a good functioning, efficiency and operability of the catchment work and the components of the derivation system is guaranteed, so that there is no deterioration of the water quality and can satisfy the demands of users and the different sectors of the country (agriculture, energy, municipal, environmental).