Germinación de Solanum betaceum: evaluación in vitro y ex vitro de factores físicos y químicos

Abstract

Solanum betaceum is a very important plant in the agriculture and economy of national and international producers, Ecuador has a commercial area of 7600 ha; it is main form of spread is sexual, however, its production is limited because of very low percentage of germination, Crops present phytosanitary problems such as anthracnose and virus, also the lack of an elite plant material propagation system. Based on the problems mentioned above, this study proposed to evaluate the seed exposure on physical and chemical factors such as: manual scarification, stratification, charcoal activated and potassium nitrate (KNO3), both ex vitro and in vitro seeding. In regard to the best pregerminative treatments, there is the procedure without manual scarification exposed to 48 cold hours T3 (SEM48), which presented the best response in germination, with an average of 92 %; in the same way, ex vitro chemical treatment based on a charcoal activated solution and no cold hours T5 (RCA0) shows the best result with 88 % germination; and finally, for in vitro chemical treatments, the presence of charcoal activated in the culture medium registered the most outstanding germination average of 60 %.