Mapa isoceráunico georreferenciado para la coordinación de protecciones frente a descargas atmosféricas

Abstract

This document provides an in-depth study on the incidence of atmospheric discharges within the Quito´s Electrical Company concession area. An application has been developed with which the isokeraunic level and flash rate density level (FRD) can be determined at a desired georeferenced point. Where, the user enters longitude and latitude data, in geographic coordinates or if he has UTM coordinates, he can perform a conversion within the same platform. In addition, an the isokeraunic map and ground flash density map have been created. The two differ in that the isokeraunic map shows the thunderstorm days in the year, while the ground flash density map, shows the number of atmospheric discharges that have fallen within 1 km2 in the span of 1 year. To achieve this, data from the LIS satellite sensor (Lightning Imaging Sensor) was used in the period 1998 to 2013. The importance of this platform, and the creation of these maps, is that, the atmospheric discharges are one of the most violent phenomena of nature, so, this technical project, has developed planning tools for the protection against atmospheric discharges. It should be emphasized that, poor design of protections against lightning, generates great economic loss, this poor sizing occurs when, considerations of atmospheric discharges are less than reality (undersized) or greater than reality (oversized), both cases generate economic losses due to the following factors: In an undersized shielding, can fall a lot of atmospheric discharges over transmission lines, this increases transients in the network, also, this can damage equipment and machines, interrupt the energy service, and other things. Beside, an oversized shield, could cause economic loss, because of, the purchase of materials or instruments that are not technically necessary, there is placed more than necessary, so, this produce an inefficiency because of the unknown amount of atmospheric discharges that fall in the area. In order to prevent this, this technical project provides information that allows to make timely decisions regarding the design of protections, because, this project, helps to identify the specific geographical area where there is the greatest incidence of atmospheric discharges, being interest of shielding projects of transmission lines, subtransmission, distribution, and substations, as well as for the construction of civil projects such as buildings, shopping centers, etc. Once the data is analyzed, it is concluded that the months of September, October and November are very vulnerable to thunderstorms. The eastern region of the study area receives most of these atmospheric discharges. Each of the above aspects will be more analized throughout the development of the document.